1824: The Arkansas War

F EBRUARY 9, 1825

Patrick Driscol and Robert Ross were at Arkansas Post when Sam's steamboat arrived. Not because they'd been awaiting him there, but because they'd been engaged in negotiations with Pushmataha and other major chiefs of the Choctaws.

The Choctaws, Sam discovered, had almost all crossed the Mississippi by now and had taken up residence in the Confederacy. They'd not had much choice in the matter. Whether they were signatories to the Treaty of Oothcaloga or not, in the aftermath of Arkansas Post-not to mention the retaliations the Choctaws had taken on local settlers for Crittenden's outrages-the states of Louisiana and Mississippi had mobilized their militias to drive them out. Alabama had eagerly sent its own militia in support. Not so much because they cared about the Choctaws but because it gave them an excuse to drive the last remaining Chickasaws out of northwestern Alabama.

The Chickasaws, in the end, had crossed the Mississippi also. Whether or not they were the most warlike tribe in the Southeast, as both they and several other tribes contended, they were simply too small to stand against that sort of concerted attack. There weren't more than five thousand Chickasaws in the whole world.

So, by the time Sam arrived, Arkansas Post appeared to be under siege again-only, this time, not by fifteen hundred freebooters but by more than ten times that number of Indians. Fortunately, it was a relatively peaceful sort of siege, being waged by wheedles, threats, demands, proposals, and offers of compromise rather than by guns and bayonets.

"Glad you're here," Patrick gruffed to him as he escorted Sam and his party off the boat. "Maybe you can talk sense into them."

"What's the problem? There should still be plenty of land left for them in the trans-Poteau area. Blast it, that's awkward. Have they settled on a name for it yet?"

Driscol grinned humorlessly. "Indians, remember? Contentious bastards are worse than the Irish when it comes to finding a point of dispute over any subject under the sun. The Cherokees-the ones following Ross and Ridge, anyway-had pretty well settled on 'New Kituhwa' and seemed to have bullied and sweet-talked most of the Creeks into it. But no sooner did Pushmataha and most of the Choctaws arrive than they denounced the name as an instrument of Cherokee oppression. They're arguing for 'Oklahoma,' on the grounds that since it means 'red people' it's fair to all the tribes, which 'Kituhwa' isn't. Ross seems inclined to concede the point to them, but Ridge is holding stubborn. His argument is that it may mean 'red people' in Choctaw, but it means no such thing in Cherokee."

His grin widened and even gained a bit of real humor. "The most delicious part of it-well, to a Scots-Irishman, anyway-is that I think they're all going to finally agree to adopt English as the official language of the whole Confederacy. Seeing as how there's no way any one of them will accept the language of any other instead. Ha! Damned Sassenach. Same dirty rotten trick they pulled on us."

A bit apprehensively, Sam looked up at the fort they were nearing. "They're all in there?"

"Every last chief of any note at all, from all four of the tribes. There's even somebody claiming to speak for the Seminoles, although nobody's paying much attention to him. Seeing as how most of the Seminoles-talk about stubborn-are still holed out somewhere in the Florida Everglades."

He gave Sam a sly glance. "Now that you're here, though, I figure you can exercise that famous silver tongue of yours and persuade all of them to move the whole ruckus upriver to New Antrim. At least we'd be able to reside in the Wolfe Tone Hotel instead of this place, which"-his blocky, ugly face got blockier and uglier than ever-"is supposed to be a fort, damnation."

Sam shook his head. "Patrick, big as it is, the Wolfe Tone's smaller than Arkansas Post."

An odd expression came to Driscol's face. Half embarrassment; half:

Pride?

"Not any longer. Been a lot of new construction since you were here. Tiana persuaded me to add another extension. A wing I'd call it, except, well, it's actually bigger than the rest of the hotel. We had to tear down two whole city blocks to make room for it."

Hurriedly: "The people living there got compensated, of course. Including the right to rooms in the new wing of the hotel, which-comes down to it-is in a lot better shape than the log cabins they'd been living in."

Sam peered down at him. "Laird of Arkansas, indeed. What's next, mighty one? Do you figure on claiming all land in the Delta as your personal domain? Yes, I know, you'll graciously allow the serfs to run their sheep on the land. The one or two you'll leave them with."

"That's not-!"

"Oh, I think it's quite funny. No sense of humor, Patrick; that's always been your problem. But that aside, why did you expand the hotel? I'll admit you're not actually greedy."

Driscol grunted. "Didn't have much choice. The new wing isn't really what you'd properly call a hotel. It's more like a giant dormitory." Defensively: "And I'm not charging anybody more than maintenance costs to stay there. Tiana agreed to that. Even browbeat her father when the plundering algerine tried to talk us into raising the rates."

Sam listed an eyebrow. "Something I don't know?"

"Guess so. Though you must have been blind as a bat not to have noticed, coming as you did all the way from Washington. Started in the summer, once everybody figured Clay would most likely win the election. The biggest wave of freedman migrations since the very first days of Arkansas. I think we've gotten another fifteen thousand of them in the last three months. Another five thousand or so in the way of runaway slaves and maroons."

Now that he thought about it, Sam had noticed an unusual number of black people working their way down the Ohio and the Mississippi on flatboats. But he'd been so engrossed in his own ruminations-grief, too, still-that he hadn't paid it much attention.

Which he should have, he chided himself. Black people tended to shy away from traveling on flatboats down the rivers. Yes, it was an easier form of travel, but a much harder one from the standpoint of evading slave-catchers. There was also the danger of lynch mobs, passing by some towns.

Something must have showed on his face. Driscol's grin returned-but this was the troll's grin. The savage, pitiless one that fit Patrick's face to perfection when the mood took him. Sam's best friend or not, he really was a frightening sort of man.

"Oh, there's been no trouble. John Brown's doing, that is. Odd fellow, the tanner, no doubt about it. A man after my own heart, though. As a matter of religious principle, he refuses to join any army. But it seems his reading of the Bible allows him to raise what amounts to his own army. So, he did."

Sam's eyes widened.

"Oh, aye, lad! And not such a small one, neither. By now I figure he's got something like four hundred men-at least half of them white, mind you-serving under his:well, can't call them colors, really, since they don't have a banner. But they're his army, never doubt it. He doesn't call them anything but stalwart lads, but they've taken to calling themselves Brown's Raiders. For the past three months, they've been patrolling the rivers-in U.S. territory also. Everybody knows they're there-especially would-be slave-catchers-but since they don't wear uniforms:"

"Who in the name of-" Sam shook his head. "Who are they? I mean, I know the Brown clan breeds like rabbits, but there aren't that many of them."

"His own family's the core of it, still. But most of them are just boys from Ohio and, mostly, Pennsylvania. Some other Northern states. Abolitionists, I'd call them, except this new breed has little of the Quaker in them. Nothing at all, actually. Bloody-minded fellows."

"I didn't think there were that many abolitionists-outright ones, anyway-in the whole United States."

Driscol snorted. "Probably weren't, a year ago. But-"

He stopped abruptly. They were now not more than twenty feet from the bridge leading across the moat that surrounded the Post.

"It started changing rapidly after the battle here, Sam. Which has been my whole life's experience-and the reason I was utterly merciless in this place, be damned to what you or any other politician tells me. The old-style abolitionists were a handful, feeling sorry for the miserable negroes. Middle-aged, most of them, fat and prosperous. There are a lot more of the new-style ones-young men, overwhelmingly, and most of them from modest circumstances like John Brown himself-and they don't feel sorry for negroes at all. Why should they? The negroes showed-in battle, where it counts-that they could take care of themselves, thank you. So now it's just a matter of principle. People will petition to redress an injustice, Sam, but they'll fight for a principle. That's because injustice is a property of the weak and powerless, but principles belong to the strong."

Sam stared at him. He had a tendency to forget-and chided himself for it, once again-that beneath Driscol's craggy forehead lay a brain that, whatever it lacked in the way of formal education and wide reading, was as acute as any Sam had ever known.

Granted, it was a sergeant's brain, with a sergeant's harshly practical and ruthless way of gauging the world. But was that really such a handicap under these circumstances?

Driscol cleared his throat. "And then:Ah, lad, I am sorry for it. I truly am, and so's Tiana. But for whatever it might be worth, your wife's death may have saved a nation's life. We'll never know, but that's what I'm thinking."

He looked away, down the Arkansas. Not avoiding Sam's gaze so much as simply giving him some personal space. "It all changed again," he said quietly, "after Maria Hester's killing. There'll be no going back now, Sam. Not for the boys John Brown is gathering around him. No going back, no give, no surrender-and damn little in the way of mercy, unless Brown himself calls for it. I swear to you, I think they'd even frighten the old Hebrews. They can't possibly be any more Old Testament." He grinned again, very crookedly. "Even the Tennessee and Kentucky state militiamen are giving them a wide berth on the rivers, as long as they leave the settlements alone and only go after slave-catchers."

Sam didn't know what to say. As always-it hadn't lessened a bit, not even after almost three months-the thought of his wife dying just took his breath away. A man with a silver tongue, struck speechless.

When he was able to talk, he grasped at it. "You think so? About Maria Hester, I mean."

"Oh, aye." Driscol seemed to swallow. Hard to tell, of course, with a neck like his. "I-ah-should perhaps give fair warning. You know-ah-that rich black fellow in New York? The one from Haiti who's been sending so much money here."

"Pierre Toussaint."

"Yes, him. He's a devout Catholic, so most of the money he sends goes to support the Church here." For just a moment, the Scots-Irish Presbyterian surfaced. Patrick had been raised in that creed, even if he himself had long since become a freethinking deist. "Heathen lot, even if-well, I'll grant they do a lot of good work. Charitable stuff. But the point is, they're given to saints and icons and graven images and such."

Sam coughed. "Oh, come on, Patrick! Not even the Catholics-"

"Not on their own, probably. But Marie Laveau decided she was a Catholic two years ago, and she's been busy ever since importing as much of her voudou as she can into the Church." Again, the Presbyterian surfaced: "Which isn't hard, of course, being as the papists half-think like voudou anyway."

Sam couldn't help but chuckle. Which, thankfully, leached away some of the grief-surge.

Driscol chuckled with him. "Marie's got quite the following, too. Except for Tiana, she's probably the most influential woman in Arkansas. So:Well, look, here's the point. Don't get all worked up if you come to find out Maria Hester's:well, actually, they've already declared her a martyr of the Church."

"She wasn't Catholic!"

"Don't argue with me about it. Marie Laveau can explain it to you, if you can manage to follow the logic. Which I couldn't, after she got to the part about consulting-ah, never mind. The point is, they'll probably be making her a saint by next spring. They already have an image of her-a veritable icon-up on the wall of the big church in New Antrim. The priest squawked, but they made it stick."

"I thought only the pope-"

"Marie Laveau can explain that to you, also. It seems-this is her version, mind you, I doubt me the pope in Rome would agree with her-that since it's obvious the Virgin Mary is equal to the Christ, it follows as night from day that saints can also be declared by the Women's Council."

" What 'Women's Council'?"

Patrick cleared his throat again. "Well, the one that she and Tiana set up. Tiana being a Cherokee, of course, the notion came naturally to her. Especially since Nancy Ward urged it on her, just before the ancient ghighua finally died last year. Marie Laveau thought it made perfect sense, too. Which isn't really that surprising, when you think about it. Slavery being what it is, black people mostly have a matrilineal society, too, in practice if not in theory."

That was true enough. But "The chiefdom of Arkansas now has a Women's Council? Run by Tiana and Marie Laveau? Good God in Heaven!"

"Yes, that's exactly what Major General Robert Ross said. When his wife Eliza got invited to join. Then he repeated the exclamation-twice; I heard him; I was there-when she accepted."

"Good God in Heaven!"

Driscol shrugged. "It's the nature of the soil in Arkansas. Very contagious terrain."

1824: TheArkansasWar